Set up ssh-agent

Checking out or updating the PHENIX sources will establish many ssh(1) connections to cci.lbl.gov. Having an ssh-agent(1) running will save much error-prone password-typing. An easy way to accomplish this is to have an ssh-agent(1) running on the machine used to access the remote host.

Creating a cryptographic key pair

The first step is to generate a pair of cryptographic keys. This step can be skipped if a key pair already exists.

$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): yourverysecretpasswordhere
Enter same passphrase again: yourverysecretpasswordhere
Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ba:f2:7a:78:aa:b0:33:1d:53:de:63:01:62:15:d6:c9 user@host

Then, start the ssh-agent, and add the newly generated identity.

$ ssh-agent
$ ssh-add
Enter passphrase for .ssh/id_rsa: yourverysecretpasswordhere
Identity added: .ssh/id_rsa (.ssh/id_rsa)

Distribute the public key to the remote system

The remote system has to be aware of the key pair to grant access. This means that the public component of the key pair has to be present in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote system.

$ cat ~/ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh remote.system "cat - >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

This will append the public key of the recently created key pair to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote system.

Using keychain

An ssh-agent started from command line only affects ssh-connections started from the same shell, and separate ssh-agents would be required for each new login shell. Since ssh-agents are not terminated when the login shell is exited, this has the potential to clutter the system with "orphaned" ssh-agents. keychain is a shell script that was written to avoid this situation: it probes the system for any running ssh-agents, and attempts to use a present agent instead of starting a new process. At CCI and SLAC keychain is installed at ~hattne/gentoo/usr/bin/keychain (at NERSC it is at /global/project/projectdirs/lcls/gentoo/usr/bin/keychain).

It is recommended to run keychain from the shell configuration files for interactive, login shells. To do so, bash(1) users can add the following lines to ~/.bash_profile:

 test -x /path/to/keychain && \
   eval `/path/to/keychain --agents ssh --eval id_rsa --inherit any-once --stop others`

csh(1) would modify ~/.login instead.

Using agent forwarding

It is not necessary to start ssh-agents on every system logged in to. If an ssh-agent is running on the host used to access the remote system from, the agent can be forwarded using the ssh(1)’s -A option to forward the authentication agent when logging in. Note that forwarding the agent connection has security implications.